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Chest Oct 2016Cysts are commonly seen on CT scans of the lungs, and diagnosis can be challenging. Clinical and radiographic features combined with a multidisciplinary approach may... (Review)
Review
Cysts are commonly seen on CT scans of the lungs, and diagnosis can be challenging. Clinical and radiographic features combined with a multidisciplinary approach may help differentiate among various disease entities, allowing correct diagnosis. It is important to distinguish cysts from cavities because they each have distinct etiologies and associated clinical disorders. Conditions such as emphysema, and cystic bronchiectasis may also mimic cystic disease. A simplified classification of cysts is proposed. Cysts can occur in greater profusion in the subpleural areas, when they typically represent paraseptal emphysema, bullae, or honeycombing. Cysts that are present in the lung parenchyma but away from subpleural areas may be present without any other abnormalities on high-resolution CT scans. These are further categorized into solitary or multifocal/diffuse cysts. Solitary cysts may be incidentally discovered and may be an age related phenomenon or may be a remnant of prior trauma or infection. Multifocal/diffuse cysts can occur with lymphoid interstitial pneumonia, Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome, tracheobronchial papillomatosis, or primary and metastatic cancers. Multifocal/diffuse cysts may be associated with nodules (lymphoid interstitial pneumonia, light-chain deposition disease, amyloidosis, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis) or with ground-glass opacities (Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and desquamative interstitial pneumonia). Using the results of the high-resolution CT scans as a starting point, and incorporating the patient's clinical history, physical examination, and laboratory findings, is likely to narrow the differential diagnosis of cystic lesions considerably.
Topics: Algorithms; Amyloidosis; Biopsy; Birt-Hogg-Dube Syndrome; Bronchial Neoplasms; Bronchiectasis; Cysts; Diagnosis, Differential; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell; Humans; Lung; Lung Diseases; Lung Diseases, Interstitial; Lung Neoplasms; Papilloma; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; Pulmonary Emphysema; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tracheal Neoplasms
PubMed: 27180915
DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2016.04.026 -
Annals of Cardiothoracic Surgery Mar 2018Stents and tubes to maintain the patency of the airways are commonly used for malignant obstruction and are occasionally employed in benign disease. Malignant airway...
Stents and tubes to maintain the patency of the airways are commonly used for malignant obstruction and are occasionally employed in benign disease. Malignant airway obstruction usually results from direct involvement of bronchogenic carcinoma, or by extension of carcinomas occurring in the esophagus or the thyroid. External compression from lymph nodes or metastatic disease from other organs can also cause central airway obstruction. Most malignant airway lesions are surgically inoperable due to advanced disease stage and require multimodality palliation, including stent placement. As with any other medical device, stents have significantly evolved over the last 50 years and deserve an in-depth understanding of their true capabilities and complications. Not every silicone stent is created equal and the same holds for metallic stents. Herein, we present an overview of the topic as well as some of the more practical and controversial issues surrounding airway stents. We also try to dispel the myths surrounding stent removal and their supposed use only in central airways. At the end, we come to the long-held conclusion that stents should not be used as first line treatment of choice, but after ruling out the possibility of curative surgical resection or repair.
PubMed: 29707506
DOI: 10.21037/acs.2018.03.08 -
Cancer Control : Journal of the Moffitt... Oct 2006Tracheal tumors are uncommon, making up only 0.2% of all respiratory malignancies in the United States. One consequence of this low incidence is that few centers... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Tracheal tumors are uncommon, making up only 0.2% of all respiratory malignancies in the United States. One consequence of this low incidence is that few centers accumulate meaningful experience. Another is the lack of awareness of effective therapy. Bronchial gland tumors demonstrate oncologic diversity and include benign, low-grade, and high-grade malignant tumors.
METHODS
We reviewed the present knowledge of bronchial gland tumors of the trachea, carina, and bronchi, including the epidemiology, presentation, evaluation, tumor types, and treatment options.
RESULTS
The malignant bronchial gland tumors, adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma, are far more common than benign mucinous cystadenoma or pleomorphic adenoma. Complete resection of localized tumors has excellent long-term results in symptomatic benign tumors. The disease-free survival after resection of malignant tumors is limited by distant metastasis and regional disease, while local recurrence is uncommon. Postoperative mediastinal radiation is now accepted adjuvant therapy. Experience at our institute demonstrates a significant survival advantage for patients with complete resection compared to unresectable patients.
CONCLUSIONS
Expanding knowledge of diagnostic evaluation and surgical therapy can improve the long-term survival of patients with tracheobronchial gland tumors.
Topics: Bronchial Neoplasms; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Neoplasm Staging; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Thoracic Surgical Procedures; Tracheal Neoplasms; United States
PubMed: 17075566
DOI: 10.1177/107327480601300406 -
Respiration; International Review of... 2019We describe an exceptionally rare case of a male patient with newly diagnosed advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, who presented with a plasmablastic... (Review)
Review
We describe an exceptionally rare case of a male patient with newly diagnosed advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, who presented with a plasmablastic lymphoma involving the right maxillary alveolar ridge with associated cervical lymphadenopathy. On a staging positron emission tomography computed tomography (PET-CT) scan, he was incidentally found to have an endotracheal tumour involving the anterolateral aspect of the mid-trachea. The tumour appeared to be well-vascularised at bronchoscopy and was confirmed as well-differentiated plasmablastic lymphoma. Plasmablastic lymphoma is a rare form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and is associated with HIV. Tracheal involvement to the extent seen in our patient is exceptionally rare, and, to the best of our knowledge, has never been described.
Topics: Adult; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Biopsy, Needle; Bronchoscopy; Combined Modality Therapy; Follow-Up Studies; HIV Infections; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Staging; Plasmablastic Lymphoma; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; Rare Diseases; Tracheal Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31634891
DOI: 10.1159/000503586 -
Thorax Jul 1993
Topics: Humans; Tracheal Neoplasms
PubMed: 8153911
DOI: 10.1136/thx.48.7.681 -
Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology 2020Tracheobronchial masses encompass a broad spectrum of entities, ranging from benign and malignant neoplasms to infectious and inflammatory processes. This article... (Review)
Review
Tracheobronchial masses encompass a broad spectrum of entities, ranging from benign and malignant neoplasms to infectious and inflammatory processes. This article reviews the cross-sectional findings of tracheal tumors and tumor-like entities, correlates imaging findings with histologic pathology, and discusses pearls and pitfalls in accurately diagnosing and classifying tracheal tumors and mimics.
Topics: Bronchial Neoplasms; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Tracheal Neoplasms
PubMed: 31076268
DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2019.04.003 -
Archives of Iranian Medicine Dec 2021Primary tracheal tumors are very rare and 10%-20% are benign tumors. Tracheal lipoma is extremely rare and only a few cases have been reported in the literature. A...
Primary tracheal tumors are very rare and 10%-20% are benign tumors. Tracheal lipoma is extremely rare and only a few cases have been reported in the literature. A 69-year-old male patient presented to the emergency department with complaints of shortness of breath, respiratory distress, chest pain and cough. Chest CT scan showed a round mass in the topography of the trachea that almost caused airway obstruction. The lesion was resected endoscopically and the pedicle base was cauterized. Tracheal lipoma is a rare condition that should lie in the differential diagnosis of treatment-resistant asthma.
Topics: Aged; Asthma; Bronchoscopy; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Lipoma; Male; Trachea; Tracheal Neoplasms
PubMed: 35014240
DOI: 10.34172/aim.2021.137 -
CA: a Cancer Journal For Clinicians 1986
Topics: Bronchial Neoplasms; Humans; Laser Therapy; Tracheal Neoplasms
PubMed: 3096528
DOI: 10.3322/canjclin.36.6.376 -
Proceedings of the Royal Society of... Jun 1975
Topics: Diphtheria; Hemorrhage; Intubation, Intratracheal; Pneumothorax; Postoperative Complications; Respiratory Paralysis; Tracheal Diseases; Tracheal Neoplasms; Tracheal Stenosis; Tracheotomy
PubMed: 1208527
DOI: No ID Found -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) 2002During the flowering of cardiothoracic surgery over the past 50 years, surgery of the major airway failed to develop correspondingly. The relative rarity of such cases... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
UNLABELLED
During the flowering of cardiothoracic surgery over the past 50 years, surgery of the major airway failed to develop correspondingly. The relative rarity of such cases accounts in past for this laggardness. Surgical diseases of the trachea, whether inflammatory or neoplastic, largely are presented as an obstructive problems of the airway. Surgical management of these lesions is based on simple concept of resection of the involved area of the trachea, when the larynx has not been lost because of affection by the primary disease. Primary end-to-end reconstruction of the trachea has been generally recognized as the ideal method of repair following resection. However, based on Belsey's experience it was widely believed, that only 2 cm at most could be removed and the trachea reconstruction by end-to-end suture in any dependable fashion. During the period of 30 years tracheobronchial surgical reconstructions have been accomplished in 187 patients.
CONCLUSION
Management of the patients with stenosis of the trachea and main bronchi must be started promptly. Emergency treatment for the patients with severe tracheal stenosis is rigid bronchoscopy under general anesthesia. Circular tracheal resection is the best method of radical treatment for patients with benign and malignant tracheal narrowing. Sleeve resection is the ideal form of excisional therapy for benign endobronchial tumors, neoplasms of low-grade malignant potential, and bronchostenosis. For patients with tracheobronchial stenosis who are no candidates for surgical reconstruction, tracheobronchial stenting is the management of choice.
Topics: Bronchi; Bronchial Diseases; Bronchial Neoplasms; Bronchoscopy; Constriction, Pathologic; Emergencies; Humans; Intubation, Intratracheal; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Stents; Suture Techniques; Trachea; Tracheal Neoplasms; Tracheal Stenosis
PubMed: 12560612
DOI: No ID Found